Computer system

Each computer consists of a series of bias that together operate as an intertwined unit or computer system. The processor is made up of the memory, computation, sense and control units. A large computer system will typically have one or further supplementary units, where input and affair data are stored. A brief description of computer system is given then.

HOW COMPUTERS WORK?

Input:- 

This is the process of entering data and programs in to the computer system. Since computer is an electronic machine like any other machine which takes as inputs raw data and performs some processing giving out reused data, the input unit takes data from stoner to the computer in an systematized manner for processing. Information and programs are entered into the computer through input bias similar as the keyboard, disks, or through other computers via network connections or modems connected to the internet.

Storage:- 

The process of saving data and instructions permanently is known as storehouse. Data has to be fed into the system before the factual processing thresholds. It's because the processing speed of Central Processing Unit( CPU) is so fast that the data has to be handed to CPU with the same speed. thus the data is first stored in the storehouse unit for faster access and processing. This storehouse unit or the primary storehouse of the computer system is designed to do the below functionality. It provides space for storing data and instructions. The storehouse unit performs the following major functions

a) All data and instructions are stored then ahead and after processing.

b) Intermediate results of processing are also stored then.

                                                            Basic Computer Operations

Processing:- 

he task of performing operations like computation and logical operations is called processing. The CPU or central processing unit takes data and instructions from the storehouse unit and makes all feathers of computations grounded on the instructions given and the type of data handed. It's also transferred back o the storehouse unit. The coprocessor or the computation- sense unit does computation and logical operations. The RAM temporarily stores information.

Output:- 

This is the process of producing results from the data for getting useful information. Affair bias display information on the screen(Monitor) or the printer and sends information to other computer. They also display dispatches about what crimes may have passed and brings up communication or dialog box asking for further information to be input. Again the affair is also stored inside the computer for farther processing.

Operational Units

In order to carry out the operations, the computer allocates the task among its colorful functional units. These are-

1). Arithmetic logical unit

2). Control unit

3). Central Processing unit( CPU)

ARITHMETIC LOGICAL UNIT (ALU)

Arithmetic logic unit (ALU)

The computation Logical Unit is an important element of the CPU, which carry the factual prosecution of the instructions. After entering the data through the input device it's stored in the primary storehouse unit. also processing of the data and instruction are performed by computation Logical Unit. The major operations performed by the ALU are addition, deduction, addition, division, sense and comparison. Data is transferred to ALU from storehouse unit when needed. After processing, the affair is returned to the storehouse unit for farther processing or getting stored.

CONTROL UNIT (CU)

Control Unit (CU)

The coming element of computer is the Control Unit which acts like the administrator seeing that effects are done in proper fashion. The control unit determines the sequence in which computer programs and instructions are executed. effects like processing of programs stored in the main memory, interpretation of the instructions and issuing of signals for other units of the computer to execute them. It also acts as a switch board driver when several druggies pierce the computer contemporaneously. Thereby it coordinates the conditioning of computer's supplemental outfit as they perform the input and affair.

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

                                                CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT (CPU)

The ALU and the CU of a computer system are concertedly known as the central processing unit. The term CPU relates to a specific chip or the processor. CPU may be considered as the brain of any computer system. It's just like brain that takes all major opinions, makes all feathers of computations and directs different corridor of the computer functions by cranking and controlling the operations. The abecedarian operation of utmost CPU is to execute a series of instructions called as a program. The different chip manufacturers use different measuring norms to measure the processor's speed. It depends on the circuit board that the chip is housed in, or the motherboard. The motherboard contains the circuitry and connections that allow the colorful factors to communicate with each other.

SYSTEM UNIT

 A Computer System Unit Contains numerous corridor-

• Ports and Connectors
• Power Supply
• Motherboard

Ports and Connectors : A Port is a connector located on the motherboard or on a separate appendage. Anchorages and Connectors allow the computer to communicate with different bias and peripherals attached with it.

Ports and Connectors

Power Supply :Power Supply changes normal ménage electricity into electricity that a computer can use. A power force or power force unit( PSU) is an internal element used to supply the power to the factors of a computer. Power force is rated by the number of watts it generates.

 

                          Power Supply

Motherboard : The motherboard is the main circuit board of a microcomputer. It's also known as the main board or system board. It's the circuit board in which all the factors are connected through string within a particular computer. numerous bias are connected with motherboard directly or laterally. Motherboards generally give the interface between the CPU memory and input/ affair supplemental circuits, main memory, and installations for original setup of the computer incontinently after power- on.

Motherboard

VON NEUMANN ARCHITECTURE 

Mathematician John Von Neumann conceived a computer armature which forms the core of nearly every computer system in use moment. This armature is known as Von Neumann armature. It's a design model for the ultramodern computers which has central processing unit( CPU) and the conception of memory used for storing both data and instructions. This model implements the stored program conception in which the data and the instructions both are stored in the memory. All computers partake the same introductory armature which have memory, an I/ O system, computation sense unit( ALU) and control unit( CU).

Von neumann architecture

The term" von Neumann armature" has evolved to relate to any stored- program computer in which an instruction cost and a data operation can not do at the same time. This is appertained to as the von Neumann tailback , which frequently limits the performance of the corresponding system.

The design of a von Neumann armature machine is simpler than in a Harvard armature machine — which is also a stored- program system, yet has one devoted set of address and data motorcars for reading and writing to memory, and another set of address and data buse data motorcars to cost instructions.